ជីវិតកុមារក្នុងរបបកម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ, Child Life in Khmer Rouge (Kampuchea Democratic) 1975-1979. Watch this Video. Thanks
Khmer Rouge Liberation Zone in 1973
The death of King Suryavarman I and the rivalry with King Jayavarman IV?
The image above is an icon, but not the image of King Suryavarman I, but King Suryavarman II
In many of the historical studies mentioned above, we note that most of the history books of Cambodia are divided into major periods, pre-Angkorian and post-Angkorian. This division has become commonplace in writing essays and history books in general. However, in an Angkorian period, it can be divided into three main parts, including the early stages from the late 8th century to the 10th century, the glorious stages from the early 11th century to the 13th century. Last from the 13th century to the middle of the 14th century.
Since the reign of King Sovarman I, he became famous through the construction of the capital, which became the main power base of the Khmer Empire from the 9th to the 15th century. The capital was later called the capital of Yasodharapura, with Phnom Bakheng as its core. In a simple description, Russian researchers noted the city's growing agricultural land in the area:
Eventually, the capital of Yasothon Bora became the center of a large, densely populated agricultural area and became a source of water sharing for large agricultural areas. This was accomplished by the construction of huge artificial river lakes, such as Yasodhara Lake, Tadak, Teuk Thla Baray, as well as 800 other lakes and ponds, as well as a large number of canals and canals.
However, after the reign of King Yasovarman, the capital experienced internal crises until a new city was established by a king. Researchers suspect that the cause of the crisis was a religious conflict between King Hasavarman, who converted from Isu to Vishnu. Jayavarman IV, on the other hand, practiced the religion of Iso through the presence of a number of temples in the Koh Ker area. The conflict has sparked political controversy and two separate power bases. After all, religious conflicts seem to have become part of many generations of conflicts between the dynasties, as they did in the late Funan period. But studies, including the ones mentioned above, are still vague. We might ask, 'Is religion the cause or the instrument of conflict?'
It is noteworthy that many scholars attribute the year 900 as the date of the death of King Yasovarman I to the reign of his son Hasavarman I. But this date does not seem to be correct. Evidence from the Inscription (K.1051) shows that Hasavarman I had been on the throne since 899, during the reign of Yasovarman. The above evidence suggests that Yasovarman may have handed over the throne to his son, King Hasavarman I, before his death. And the reason for the abdication may be related to many events that continued until Jayavarman IV left Angkor to set up the capital on Koh Ker.
At the time of his death, Yasovarman had a posthumous name, Vishnu, and little was known about the reign of his two sons. The eldest son was named Hasavarman I, who continued to live in the capital Yasodharapura, the builder of the temple of Baksey Chamkrong at the foot of Phnom Bakheng. He remained on the throne until 922 and died after the death of Rutr Lok. The king who succeeded King Hasavarman I, his younger brother, was named Isanavarman II, who reigned in 925. This king left very few inscriptions. The inscription of the bird guarding the city praised King Hasavarman as a hero who was successful in the Dharma and wrote on King Isanavarman that he was rich in love and art. However, Professor Vong Sotheara states that an 11th-century inscription described King Hasavarman as a king who rarely succeeded in fighting the enemy by military force.The author raises the question: Can he be a fighting partner with Jayavarman IV? . King Isanvarman II died in 928 and was later named Preah Boromrut Lok, meaning a guest of Preah Borom Rutra. It was not until the death of Isanvarman II that Jayavarman IV became a full-fledged emperor.
The view of the decline of the power of the capital of Yasodharapura during the reign of King Isanvarman is such that the Marxist-style historian Y.Y. Miheev noted that during the reign of Indravarman, there were significant changes in socio-economic conditions at that time. He noticed that there was a beginning to share land with us. In addition, the slave class has evolved into a working class of peasants. Could this view be due to the mobilization of supporters from the parties to the royal conflict in the early 10th century?
The Super Great Leap Forward Policy, Kampuchea Democratic 1975-1979
After the victory on April 17, 1975, the Khmer Rouge leaders released their policy of the Great Leap Forward policy to lead the country and want Cambodia to develop rapidly. These policies were copied by Pol Pot on the Great Leap Forward and the Chinese Cultural Revolution.
People's life in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975-1979
People's life in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975-1979, Under Democratic Kampuchea, the Cambodian people were massacred by Khmer Rouge leaders, accusing them of being traitors. Especially after evacuation from Phnom Penh and other cities. Watch the video below. Thank you
Agriculture: The Great Revolution of Mankind Leading the First State
Paintings show the agricultural activities of the Egyptians, the first state in the history of mankind.
Prehistoric peoples who first appeared on Earth in East Africa began to gradually spread to the Far East, Asia, and Europe, and by the end of the Ice Age around 12,000. Last year, the presence of humanity spread almost everywhere in the world.
During the Ice Age, the sea level on the planet was lower than it is today, the lowest level in some places, such as the Straits of Russia between Alaska and the United States (Bering Sea). Land that allows people to cross on foot. It was here that about 20,000 years ago people traveled from Asia on foot to the Americas.
So the Native Americans, who we now call red Indians, are actually people of Asian descent. Indigenous personalities from Asia, both physically and at the root of the language, are still visible among Indian-Americans today.
In the early part of prehistoric times, known as the "Paléolitique", the ancients used wood and stone as tools and ate raw meat. But little by little, people began to invent more modern appliances and began to use fire to cook.
People in the "Stone Age" lived entirely on hunting and picking wild fruits for food. At that time, people had a lot of places to hunt. Sub-Saharan Africa, the beginning of human existence, is still rich in grasslands and forests and has not yet become as desolate as it is today.
However, climate change has turned once-forested areas into deserts. People are starving and are forced to flee to the wild, especially along some of the major rivers, such as the Nile in Africa, the Euphrates and the Tigris. (Tigris / Tigre) in Mesopotamia, present-day Iraq, the Indus (or Indus) in present-day Pakistan and India, and the Hanghe or Yellow River in China.
That is why it is observed that the earliest major civilizations of mankind were born in the areas adjacent to these rivers: Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China.
The number of people coming out of the desert to congregate in areas adjacent to these large rivers has increased so much that at one time this narrow space could no longer sustain their livelihoods due to the location. Hunting is less than the mouth to feed.
Faced with this problem, about 8,000 BC, about 10,000 years ago, people began to break the idea of creating a brand new way of life, the most important revolution of mankind, called the "revolution. Of the Paleolithic ”(Néolitique), that is, the creation of agriculture.
In the lowlands along the rivers, there are grains that grow in the nature of wild grass, which people used to pick and eat naturally. But then people came up with an amazing idea that's never before had people picked the best grain and planted it to wait for the harvest. At the same time, people have begun to shift from hunting to capturing wild animals.
Farming and animal husbandry are the most important evolution of humankind, because in an area of the same size, agriculture can feed up to a hundred times more people than hunting, meaning that in the past Before people relied on hunting, a small area could feed only 10,000 people, and the creation of agriculture could provide food for up to 1 million people.
After people learned to farm, the total population on the planet increased from millions to hundreds of millions in a short period of time. Mankind, which was once a natural threat, has also turned into a natural threat because farming and animal husbandry are the most polluting activities, especially the release of methane (CH4), which One of the main causes of global warming.
In the Stone Age, after the agricultural revolution, people in some areas continued to live by hunting as before. However, in the area along the four major rivers, there is a very rapid development in terms of lifestyle, population and community management. The evolution that has reached an important stage in the history of mankind is the creation of a state.
The first state was born in Egypt, an area bordering the Nile. The state came first here because of two main factors.
The first factor is related to the distribution of water used in agriculture. Because Egypt is an area where rainfall is rare, farmers here rely entirely on surface water sources for their agriculture. By human nature, people on the upper ground often try to hold water for their own use, regardless of those on the lower ground, leading to disputes over water.
To avoid this constant conflict, people began to conspire to create a leader, the "king", in charge of distributing water equally to all community members.
The second factor that leads to the formation of the state is the need for security and safety. The early hunters were also warlike. But for those who started farming, they set aside time each day for sowing, plowing, cultivating, and harvesting, and no longer wanted to be busy with war. At the same time, they also need to have their own security guards in case someone disturbs their livelihood, steals their animals or crops.
Therefore, these farmers also have the idea that their community should be well-structured, have leaders to maintain order and protect their safety. Because agriculture is an activity that can yield more than the daily needs, farmers can take the rest of the harvest one by one together to supply the activities of the state, the king and the army. This practice is called paying taxes to the state. The state collects taxes from the people, but the state has an obligation to maintain order and protect the safety of the people, as well as to distribute resources so that the people can use them equally.
Prehistory: The story of prehistoric humanity in writing
Paintings in the cave of Lascaux, France, a painting dating back to prehistoric times in the Paleolithic (Paléolithique)
The history of the world began about 6,000 years ago with the creation of writings to record historical events, but the story of our humanity began long before this written history, called prehistoric times.
Prior to the creation of the alphabet, we had only archeological documents to study the history of our ancestors, such as bones, tools, or paintings found through archeological excavations. Through all these archeological documents, it can be found that, in fact, prehistoric times are much longer than written history.
In terms of the history of our entire planet, we find that the planet was born more than 4 billion years ago. It is one of the eight planets in the solar system, but Earth is not too close to the sun, which leads to extreme heat, and not too far from the sun, which leads to extreme cold. But at a reasonable distance conducive to the growth of biodiversity, including our humanity.
Archaeological excavations have revealed that the first humans began to appear on the planet in East Africa near the present-day Middle East. But to the question of when did humans first appear on earth? The answer may vary, some as far as millions of years ago, some as 200,000 years ago or even 50,000 years ago, depending on different theories.
However, archaeologists and anthropologists generally agree that the first humans, unlike humans, appeared on Earth some 50,000 years ago. And the distinctive feature of humans and animals is not in the ability to walk, to use objects, or to be emotional. Human features are language.
Animals, although they have different sounds and cries that can make them understand each other, are not as advanced languages as humans. This lack of language allows animals to progress very slowly.
Old dogs, horses, tigers or lions have many lessons in life, but when these animals die, these experiences will be lost with all because there is no language to explain this experience and a new generation of animals must begin. Learn about life again from a purely zero point.
People are the opposite! Because people have a language that can tell a story, older people with life experience can relate their experiences to the younger generation so that they can learn from them. Based on the lessons and experiences learned from the older generation, the younger generation can learn, understand and discover new and more advanced experiences than the previous generation and then transfer these experiences to the next generation. More.
Thus, language, communication, sharing and transferring experiences, teacher-student communication are unique human characteristics that are not found among animals. It is because of this language that humans are able to move faster than animals. The evolution of an animal is a "natural" evolution. The evolution of human beings is the evolution of "culture", that is, evolution through knowledge, experience, science, art and technology.
Language helps people to develop knowledge and wisdom faster than animals, and because of this language, which creates another feature of human beings that is very different from animals is the concern for the future.
Animals may have memories of what they went through in the past, but they have no thoughts or anxieties for the future. Animals live one day for only one day. As long as he has enough food for the day, he can live happily ever after, never worrying or worrying that one day he will die.
Language makes people anxious about the future because through language people can talk to each other, tell each other what happened or what we think. We can imagine that in prehistoric times, people lived by hunting, when returning from hunting at night, people could talk to each other about hunting during the day. In this conversation, they also know that one of them is missing, never to return ... missing because of classy ... means to die.
Being able to talk about day-to-day hunting makes people realize that we can die while hunting. So tomorrow, when we go hunting, we too may die.
Knowing, understanding, and worrying about the future makes people think, prepare and plan for the future. Knowing that one day we will die gives us another important need that we always want to do in the present: to tell a story or a story that we have seen and told to others. The recounting of this story or event is historical, even if it is just an oral, unwritten story.
Thus, mankind in prehistoric times also had its own history, because people had languages that could tell stories to each other. People tell stories from the past to understand the present and prepare for the future. People who know that they will die one day also have the idea of sharing knowledge and experience to the next generation.
In short, language, conversation, storytelling, thinking about the future, sharing and transferring knowledge and experience are all characteristics of humanity. Features that are inherent in human birth from prehistoric times and continue to the present day.
The fact that I am describing the history of mankind, and that the listener who is following, listening, wanting to understand the story of the past of mankind, is also part of the human personality. It is a feature that is inherent in "nature" of man, or should be said to be inherent in "culture" of man, because man evolved in a "culture", not in "nature" like animals.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
ជីវិតកុមារក្នុងរបបកម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ, Child Life in Khmer Rouge (Kampuchea Democratic) 1975-1979
ជីវិតកុមារក្នុងរបបកម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ, Child Life in Khmer Rouge (Kampuchea Democratic) 1975-1979. Watch this Video. Thanks
-
People's life in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975-1979, Under Democratic Kampuchea, the Cambodian people were massacred by Khmer Rouge le...
-
The image above is an icon, but not the image of King Suryavarman I, but King Suryavarman II In many of the historical stud...
